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Googo- is a prefix used in a system invented by Andre Joyce to create number names.[1] It was invented to give a retroactive meaning to googol (in this system, googo-l = $$100^{50} = 10^{100}$$).

## Usage

The basic concept of the googo- prefix:

• Convert a number n to Roman numerals.
• Take those numerals and apply the googo- prefix.
• The result is $$(2n)^{n}$$.

For example, a googocci is a googo- followed by cci. cci is 201, so a googocci is $$(201 \cdot 2)^{201} = 402^{201}$$.

## Pronounceability

Improper Roman numerals, such as ic = 99 or vim = 994, are allowed for pronounceability's sake. The following substitutions are also allowed:

• ij for ii
• ox or iji for iii
• em or ump for m
• ex for x
• el for l

## Repdigits

If you need to use a Roman numeral for a number such as 3,333,333 or 888, you can use a Latin prefix followed by the Roman numeral for the repeated digit. So a googoquadrix $$= (\text{quadrix} \cdot 2)^{\text{quadrix}} = (4\ 9's \cdot 2)^{4\ 9's} = 19,998^{9,999}$$.

## Bars

In Roman numerals, a bar placed over a numeral (except I) multiplies it by 1,000 (e.g. $$\overline{V} = 5,000$$). The equivalent in Joyce's system is the "-bar" suffix. So googovbar $$= 10,000^{5,000}$$ and googoumpbar $$= 2,000,000^{1,000,000}$$.

Multiple bars are allowed, producing so-called "barbarian numbers." A sequence of bars can be shortened using a Latin prefix: "barbarbarbar" is the same as "quadrabar."

## Alternative vowels and G-counts

The googo- prefix can be extrapolated to prefixes with different vowels and different numbers of G's. Using Ackermann's Generalized Exponential Notation:

g-n-g[g]-m-r $$= g(n,r,g(m,r,g))$$

Where:

• n and m are integers ranging from 1 to 8. When placed in the word, they are transformed by the following key: o = 1, oo = 2, ee = 3, or = 4, ie = 5, i = 6, e = 7, and ei = 8.
• r is a Roman numeral as described above.
• g is the number of G's in the prefix. This can be either two or three, depending on whether an extra G (indicated by brackets) is included.

1. Googology